As early as 1190 the area has been associated with the name Liverpool, although back then the name was Liuerpul, a name which has the possible meaning of muddy creek or pool. There have been other suggestions for the meaning of the name, Elverpool for instance which references the large eel population of the River Mersey. Being so close to Wales, at one point it was known as the capital of North Wales, there have been suggestions that the name derives from the Welsh language; Llif means flood and is often used as the name for the Atlantic Ocean, whereas Pwll can be taken to mean pool or pit.

Liverpool itself dates to 1207 when through an open letter, letters patent or letterae patentes, King John announced the establishment of the Borough of Liverpool. At this time the spelling had become Livpul and the letter invited people to settle there. At the time King John wanted to establish a port with access to Ireland but away from the influence of the Earl of Chester. The fourth earl, Ranulf de Blondeville was a powerful man in his own right and John was suspicious of his dealings with the French and the Welsh. He suspected Blondeville of plotting a rebellion with the aid of the Welsh and this led to Blondeville’s estates being confiscated for a time. It was with this as a backdrop that led King John to establish a port elsewhere.

As well as establishing Liverpool, or Livpul, as a borough, John also designed the original layout of the town. It consisted of seven streets initially, in the form of an ‘H’.

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